No, not possible without a JTAG'd console.
I think you can do .iso mods to mod campaign and I think you can mod your savegame file to mod spec-ops, but without a JTAG'd console you won't be able to do anything in a private match/public match.
If you're hoping to do MW2 modded lobbies with XP and challenges and such you will need a JTAG'd xbox so you can run unsigned .xex files.
Here is a tutorial even though you said you weren't going to mod the console in any way I decided to link to it anyway...