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Understanding: Binary, Hexadecimal, Word-Size, GHz, [CPU LANGUAGE]

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One bit = one binary decimal, 8 bits = Byte. One Gigabyte = one billions Bytes. One Terabyte = one trillion Bytes, and one Petabyte = One Billion Bytes (not exact, but close).
Now to convert one Byte into a hexadecimal compound so the computer can characterize it. 8bits = 8binary numbers of 0's & 1's = one Byte, right? To convert a single Byte into hexadecimal format, think of a row of 8 numbers of "2's" and split them into two a groups with 4 "2's" on both sides. So now since you have two equal groups of "2's" power the first "2" on the far right of each group to zero and then power them in a corresponding decimal pattern moving left.
example:

2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 | 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0

Now, you will get possibilities of 8,4,2,1 on both sides.

What the binary numbers mean, is simply "ON"(1) or "OFF"(0) and when you add binary numbers to the hexadecimal formula shown above, it either means zero or 2^x,
Example:

8,4,2,1 | 8,4,2,1
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
= 5 = 12


So we get two sums, the 5 & 12, when a hexadecimal sum hits 10, it becomes the letter A and 11 is B, 12 is C, etc. so when we combine the two, think of multiplying them together but not actually finding the solution, so we get 5C (hexadecimal character) from this point we use this chart to decode this into a known character we see on our keyboard or screen.

ascii-table1.gif


So what we did is convert an 8-bit binary to hexadecimal into a known character, this is the language a CPU understands. today's CPU decodes 32-bit, 64-bit and 84-bit at a time in one word-size, and when a processors runs 1 Ghz, thats one-billion words (Also know as pulses) per-second. Work stations and the most up-to-date computers can run up to 20GHz, but thats with multiple cores.
 
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