lolimprobro
Enthusiast
Hello all. In order for this tutorial to go flawless, it is probably better if you have a background with linux and/or a Raspberry Pi.
Disclaimer;
BEFORE YOU START USING YOUR PROXY - remember that there are a lot of ways to identify you, even if your IP address is 'randomized'. Delete & block your browser cache, history and cookies - some browsers allow "anonymous sessions". Do not log into existing accounts with personally identifying information (unless you're sure that's what you want to do). Use SSL whenever available to end-to-end encrypt your communication. And read https://www.torproject.org/ for a lot more information on how to use Tor in a smart and safe way
Materials
Disclaimer;
BEFORE YOU START USING YOUR PROXY - remember that there are a lot of ways to identify you, even if your IP address is 'randomized'. Delete & block your browser cache, history and cookies - some browsers allow "anonymous sessions". Do not log into existing accounts with personally identifying information (unless you're sure that's what you want to do). Use SSL whenever available to end-to-end encrypt your communication. And read https://www.torproject.org/ for a lot more information on how to use Tor in a smart and safe way
Materials
- Raspberry Pi model B - Ethernet is required (http://www.newark.com/raspberry-pi/...sembled-board-only/dp/43W5302?COM=raspi-group)
- Ethernet cable- (http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_trk...+cable&_nkw=ethernet+cable&_sacat=0&_from=R40)
- WiFi adapter - Not all WiFi adapters work. Use this link! (http://www.ebay.com/bhp/raspberry-pi-wifi)
- SD Card (4GB or greater) with Raspbian on it. You can either copy the Raspbian image onto it or buy a ready-made Raspbian card
- Power supply for your Pi & a Micro USB cable
- USB Console cable (optional) - this makes it a little easier to debug the system
- Case for your Pi (optional)
- A SD or MicroSD card reader (optional)
First, prepare the SD (only if yours isn't already prepared)
Windows
Step 1.
Download Fedora ARM Installer from:http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_ARM_Installer#Windows_Vista_.26_7
Step 2.
This will download a zip file that you must extract. The result will be a folder called 'faii-1.0.2-3-x32'. If you keep this outside of the Program Files area then you will be able to run it without changing its privileges. You can just leave it on your Desktop.
Step 3.
Eject any external storage devices such as USB flash drives and backup hard disks. This makes it easier to identify the SD card. Then insert the SD card into the slot on your computer or into the reader.
Step 4.
Right click to run the file fedora-arm-installer.exe as an administrator. This will launch the following application.
Step 5.
Select the image file and device.
To do this, click the Browse button and navigate to the .img file for the distribution that you want to install and the select the device from the drop-down.
Check that you have the right device, as it will be reformatted, and then click Install.
It will take a few minutes to install, but once the SD card is ready, you will see the following.
That's all there is to it. Your SD card is ready for use in your Raspberry Pi.
Download Fedora ARM Installer from:http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_ARM_Installer#Windows_Vista_.26_7
Step 2.
This will download a zip file that you must extract. The result will be a folder called 'faii-1.0.2-3-x32'. If you keep this outside of the Program Files area then you will be able to run it without changing its privileges. You can just leave it on your Desktop.
Step 3.
Eject any external storage devices such as USB flash drives and backup hard disks. This makes it easier to identify the SD card. Then insert the SD card into the slot on your computer or into the reader.
Step 4.
Right click to run the file fedora-arm-installer.exe as an administrator. This will launch the following application.
Step 5.
Select the image file and device.
To do this, click the Browse button and navigate to the .img file for the distribution that you want to install and the select the device from the drop-down.
Check that you have the right device, as it will be reformatted, and then click Install.
It will take a few minutes to install, but once the SD card is ready, you will see the following.
That's all there is to it. Your SD card is ready for use in your Raspberry Pi.
Step 1.
Download Raspberry-PI-SD-Installer-OS-X from [Click here to view this link]
Look for the 'zip' button at the top and download it as a single zip file.
Step 2.
Extract the zip file. It will expand into a folder called 'Raspberry-PI-SD-Installer-OS-X-master'.
Step 3.
Use Finder to move the img file that you downloaded earlier into the Raspberry-PI-SD-Installer-OS-X-master folder.
You can see here that I have both the Occidentalis and Raspbian images in the folder. That is fine, you can have as many images as you like in the folder.
Step4.
Open the Terminal app – you will find this in the Utilities folder of your Applications folder on your Mac.
Then type the command 'cd' followed by the path of your Raspberry-PI-SD-Installer-OS-X-master folder.
Step 5.
Eject any external drives that you have connected to your computer. This just makes it easier to identify the correct drive that corresponds to your SD card.
Insert the SD card that you want to use. Note that all data on this card will be erazed.
Step 6.
Run the Pi Installer by typing the following command into the Terminal:
> sudo ./install Occidentalis_v02.img
'Occidentalis_v02.img' is the name of the img file for the distribution that you want to install.
You will be prompted for your Mac password and then should see this:
Step 7.
Enter the number next to the SD card drive. Make sure you get this right, because whichever drive you select will be erased.
It is then just a matter of waiting until all the image file is installed. This will take a few minutes. You can check on the progress by pressing ctrl-T
When everything is complete, you should see this:
Thats all there is to it, the SD card is now ready to use with your Raspberry Pi.
Download Raspberry-PI-SD-Installer-OS-X from [Click here to view this link]
Look for the 'zip' button at the top and download it as a single zip file.
Step 2.
Extract the zip file. It will expand into a folder called 'Raspberry-PI-SD-Installer-OS-X-master'.
Step 3.
Use Finder to move the img file that you downloaded earlier into the Raspberry-PI-SD-Installer-OS-X-master folder.
You can see here that I have both the Occidentalis and Raspbian images in the folder. That is fine, you can have as many images as you like in the folder.
Step4.
Open the Terminal app – you will find this in the Utilities folder of your Applications folder on your Mac.
Then type the command 'cd' followed by the path of your Raspberry-PI-SD-Installer-OS-X-master folder.
Step 5.
Eject any external drives that you have connected to your computer. This just makes it easier to identify the correct drive that corresponds to your SD card.
Insert the SD card that you want to use. Note that all data on this card will be erazed.
Step 6.
Run the Pi Installer by typing the following command into the Terminal:
> sudo ./install Occidentalis_v02.img
'Occidentalis_v02.img' is the name of the img file for the distribution that you want to install.
You will be prompted for your Mac password and then should see this:
Step 7.
Enter the number next to the SD card drive. Make sure you get this right, because whichever drive you select will be erased.
It is then just a matter of waiting until all the image file is installed. This will take a few minutes. You can check on the progress by pressing ctrl-T
When everything is complete, you should see this:
Thats all there is to it, the SD card is now ready to use with your Raspberry Pi.
Connecting to Ethernet cable
The quickest way to get your Raspberry Pi connected is to use an Ethernet patch cable and just plug it into the back of your home network router.
As soon as you plug your Pi in, you should see the network LEDs start to flicker.
For most home networks, you should also be able to connect to the Internet without any further configuration. For this to work, your router should be configured for DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). This service runs on your home network router, dishing out IP addresses to any device that connects to it either through WiFi or by cable.
If DHCP is not turned on, on your home network router, then connect to its management console using a different computer that is already connected.
You should be able to find a setting somewhere that turns it on.
As soon as you plug your Pi in, you should see the network LEDs start to flicker.
For most home networks, you should also be able to connect to the Internet without any further configuration. For this to work, your router should be configured for DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). This service runs on your home network router, dishing out IP addresses to any device that connects to it either through WiFi or by cable.
If DHCP is not turned on, on your home network router, then connect to its management console using a different computer that is already connected.
You should be able to find a setting somewhere that turns it on.
Before continuing make sure the Ethernet cable is connected in and you can ping out from the Pi
You will also want to set up your WiFi dongle. run sudo shutdown -h nowand then plug in the WiFi module when the Pi is off so you don't cause a power surge.
When it comes back up check withifconfig -athat you see wlan0 - the WiFi module.
You will also want to set up your WiFi dongle. run sudo shutdown -h nowand then plug in the WiFi module when the Pi is off so you don't cause a power surge.
When it comes back up check withifconfig -athat you see wlan0 - the WiFi module.
Next up we install the software onto the Pi that will act as the 'hostap' (host access point) You need internet access for this step so make sure that Ethernet connection is up!
sudo apt-get install hostapd isc-dhcp-server
(You may need to sudo apt-get update if the Pi can't seem to get to the apt-get repositories)
(text above shows udhcpd but that doesnt work as well as isc-dhcp-server, still, the output should look similar)
Set up DHCP server
Next we will edit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf, a file that sets up our DHCP server - this allows wifi connections to automatically get IP addresses, DNS, etc.
Run this command to edit the file
sudo nano /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf Find the lines that say
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;and change them to add a # in the beginning so they say
#option domain-name "example.org";
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;Find the lines that say
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;and remove the # so it says
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative;
Then scroll down to the bottom and add the following lines
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(You may need to sudo apt-get update if the Pi can't seem to get to the apt-get repositories)
(text above shows udhcpd but that doesnt work as well as isc-dhcp-server, still, the output should look similar)
Set up DHCP server
Next we will edit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf, a file that sets up our DHCP server - this allows wifi connections to automatically get IP addresses, DNS, etc.
Run this command to edit the file
sudo nano /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf Find the lines that say
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;and change them to add a # in the beginning so they say
#option domain-name "example.org";
#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;Find the lines that say
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;and remove the # so it says
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative;
Then scroll down to the bottom and add the following lines
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- subnet 192.168.42.0 netmask 255.255.255.0{
- range 192.168.42.10192.168.42.50;
- option broadcast-address 192.168.42.255;
- option routers 192.168.42.1;
- default-lease-time 600;
- max-lease-time 7200;
- option domain-name "local";
- option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4;
- }
Save the file by typing in Control-X then Y then return
Run
sudo nano /etc/default/isc-dhcp-serverand scroll down to INTERFACES="" and update it to say INTERFACES="wlan0"
Set up wlan0 for static IP
If you happen to have wlan0 active because you set it up, run sudo ifdown wlan0There's no harm in running it if you're not sure
Next we will set up the wlan0 connection to be static and incoming. run sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces to edit the file
Find the line auto wlan0 and add a # in front of the line, and in front of every line afterwards. If you don't have that line, just make sure it looks like the screenshot below in the end! Basically just remove any old wlan0configuration settings, we'll be changing them up
Depending on your existing setup/distribution there might be more or less text and it may vary a little bit
Add the lines
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- iface wlan0 inet static
- address 192.168.42.1
- netmask 255.255.255.0
Save the file (Control-X Y <return>)
Assign a static IP address to the wifi adapter by running
sudo ifconfig wlan0 192.168.42.1
Configure Access Point
Now we can configure the access point details. We will set up a password-protected network so only people with the password can connect.
Create a new file by running sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
Paste the following in, you can change the text after ssid= to another name, that will be the network broadcast name. The password can be changed with the text after wpa_passphrase=
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- interface=wlan0
- driver=rtl871xdrv
- ssid=Pi_AP
- hw_mode=g
- channel=6
- macaddr_acl=0
- auth_algs=1
- ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
- wpa=2
- wpa_passphrase=Raspberry
- wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
- wpa_pairwise=TKIP
- rsn_pairwise=CCMP
Save as usual. Make sure each line has no extra spaces or tabs at the end or beginning - this file is pretty picky!
Now we will tell the Pi where to find this configuration file. Run sudo nano /etc/default/hostapd
Find the line #DAEMON_CONF="" and edit it so it says DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"
Don't forget to remove the # in front to activate it!
Then save the file
Configure Network Address Translation
Setting up NAT will allow multiple clients to connect to the WiFi and have all the data 'tunneled' through the single Ethernet IP. (But you should do it even if only one client is going to connect)
Run sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
Scroll to the bottom and add net.ipv4.ip_forward=1on a new line. Save the file. This will start IP forwarding on boot up
Also run
sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"to activate it immediately
Run the following commands to create the network translation between the ethernet port eth0 and the wifi portwlan0
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- sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
- sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
- sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t nat -S
sudo iptables -STo make this happen on reboot (so you don't have to type it every time) run
sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
run sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces and add
up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat
to the very end
Update hostapd
Before we can run the access point software, we have to update it to a version that supports the WiFi adapter.
First get the new version by typing in
to the very end
Update hostapd
Before we can run the access point software, we have to update it to a version that supports the WiFi adapter.
First get the new version by typing in
wget http://www.adafruit.com/downloads/adafruit_hostapd.zip
to download the new version (check the next section for how to compile your own updated hostapd) then
to download the new version (check the next section for how to compile your own updated hostapd) then
unzip adafruit_hostapd.zip
to uncompress it. Move the old version out of the way with
to uncompress it. Move the old version out of the way with
sudo mv /usr/sbin/hostapd /usr/sbin/hostapd.ORIG
And move the new version back with
And move the new version back with
sudo mv hostapd /usr/sbin
set it up so its valid to run with
set it up so its valid to run with
sudo chmod 755 /usr/sbin/hostapd
First test!
Finally we can test the access point host! Run
First test!
Finally we can test the access point host! Run
sudo /usr/sbin/hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
To manually run hostapd with our configuration file. You should see it set up and use wlan0 then you can check with another wifi computer that you see your SSID show up. If so, you have successfully set up the access point.
You can try connecting and disconnecting from the Pi_AP, debug text will display on the Pi console but you won't be able to connect through to the Ethernet connection yet.
Cancel the test by typing Control-C in the Pi console to get back to the Pi command line
Finishing up!
OK now that we know it works, time to set it up as a 'daemon' - a program that will start when the Pi boots.
Run the following commands
To manually run hostapd with our configuration file. You should see it set up and use wlan0 then you can check with another wifi computer that you see your SSID show up. If so, you have successfully set up the access point.
You can try connecting and disconnecting from the Pi_AP, debug text will display on the Pi console but you won't be able to connect through to the Ethernet connection yet.
Cancel the test by typing Control-C in the Pi console to get back to the Pi command line
Finishing up!
OK now that we know it works, time to set it up as a 'daemon' - a program that will start when the Pi boots.
Run the following commands
sudo service hostapd start
sudo service isc-dhcp-server start
you can always check the status of the host AP server and the DHCP server with
sudo service isc-dhcp-server start
you can always check the status of the host AP server and the DHCP server with
sudo service hostapd status
sudo service isc-dhcp-server status
To start the daemon services. Verify that they both start successfully (no 'failure' or 'errors')
Then to make it so it runs every time on boot
sudo service isc-dhcp-server status
To start the daemon services. Verify that they both start successfully (no 'failure' or 'errors')
Then to make it so it runs every time on boot
sudo update-rc.d hostapd enable
sudo update-rc.d isc-dhcp-server enable
Extra: Removing WPA-Supplicant
Depending on your distro, you may need to remove WPASupplicant. Do so by running this command:
sudo mv /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/fi.epitest.hostap.WPASupplicant.service ~/
and then rebooting (sudo reboot)
On the Pi, run the command tail -f /var/log/syslog to watch the system log data, handy for checking and debugging whats going on!
Connect with another computer to the AP you made in the previous step
Enter the WPA key you specified in the previous step
In the Pi syslog you should see stuff like this! It indicates that a client connected, at what time and what IP address was given to them
If you can't connect at all, something is wrong with hostapd
On your computer, open up a Terminal (mac/linux) or Start->Run->cmd to open up a command line
First check what ifconfig (mac/linux) or ipconfig (windows) says. You should have IP address in the 192.168.42.10-50 range
Try pinging the Pi, its address is 192.168.42.1 - on windows it will ping 3 times and quit. On mac/linux press Control-C to quit after a few pings. You should get successful pings as seen below
If that doesn't work, something is wrong with hostapd or dhcpd (more likely)
Next try pinging 8.8.8.8, if this doesn't work but the previous does, something is wrong with dhcpd or the NAT configuration (more likely)
Finally, we'll check that DNS works, try pinging www.mit.edu. If this doesn't work, something is wrong withdhcpd
sudo update-rc.d isc-dhcp-server enable
Extra: Removing WPA-Supplicant
Depending on your distro, you may need to remove WPASupplicant. Do so by running this command:
sudo mv /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/fi.epitest.hostap.WPASupplicant.service ~/
and then rebooting (sudo reboot)
Next, Check the connection.
Now that we have the software installed on a Pi, it's time to connect to it and test the connection. I'm using a Windows computer but any kind should work fineOn the Pi, run the command tail -f /var/log/syslog to watch the system log data, handy for checking and debugging whats going on!
Connect with another computer to the AP you made in the previous step
Enter the WPA key you specified in the previous step
In the Pi syslog you should see stuff like this! It indicates that a client connected, at what time and what IP address was given to them
If you can't connect at all, something is wrong with hostapd
On your computer, open up a Terminal (mac/linux) or Start->Run->cmd to open up a command line
First check what ifconfig (mac/linux) or ipconfig (windows) says. You should have IP address in the 192.168.42.10-50 range
Try pinging the Pi, its address is 192.168.42.1 - on windows it will ping 3 times and quit. On mac/linux press Control-C to quit after a few pings. You should get successful pings as seen below
If that doesn't work, something is wrong with hostapd or dhcpd (more likely)
Next try pinging 8.8.8.8, if this doesn't work but the previous does, something is wrong with dhcpd or the NAT configuration (more likely)
Finally, we'll check that DNS works, try pinging www.mit.edu. If this doesn't work, something is wrong withdhcpd
If everything is good so far, try browsing the internet, sending email, etc. You are now using your Pi as a Wifi Router!
Next, Install TOR!
To avoid having to type all of this use this link for a script. https://raw.github.com/breadtk/onion_pi/master/setup.sh
We'll begin by installing tor - the onion routing software.
Log into your pi by Ethernet or console cable and run
sudo apt-get install tor
Edit the tor config file by running
sudo nano /etc/tor/torrcand copy and paste the text into the top of the file, right below the the FAQ notice.
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Let's edit the host access point so it is called something memorable like Onion Pi - don't forget to set a good password, don't use the default here! (Don't forget to do the AP setup step in "Preparation" before this!)
Time to change our ip routing tables so that connections via the wifi interface (wlan0) will be routed through the tor software.
Type the following to flush the old rules from the ip NAT table
sudo iptables -F
sudo iptables -t nat -FIf you want to be able to ssh to your Pi after this, you'll need to add an exception for port 22 like this (not shown in the screenshot below)
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i wlan0 -p tcp --dport 22 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 22Type the following to route all DNS (UDP port 53) from interface wlan0 to internal port 53 (DNSPort in our torrc)
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i wlan0 -p udp --dport 53 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 53Type the following to route all TCP traffic from interface wlan0 to port 9040 (TransPort in our torrc)
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i wlan0 -p tcp --syn -j REDIRECT --to-ports 9040Next you can check that the ip tables are right with
sudo iptables -t nat -L
If all is good, we'll save it to our old NAT save file
Log into your pi by Ethernet or console cable and run
sudo apt-get install tor
Edit the tor config file by running
sudo nano /etc/tor/torrcand copy and paste the text into the top of the file, right below the the FAQ notice.
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- Log notice file /var/log/tor/notices.log
- VirtualAddrNetwork10.192.0.0/10
- AutomapHostsSuffixes.onion,.exit
- AutomapHostsOnResolve1
- TransPort9040
- TransListenAddress192.168.42.1
- DNSPort53
- DNSListenAddress192.168.42.1
Let's edit the host access point so it is called something memorable like Onion Pi - don't forget to set a good password, don't use the default here! (Don't forget to do the AP setup step in "Preparation" before this!)
Time to change our ip routing tables so that connections via the wifi interface (wlan0) will be routed through the tor software.
Type the following to flush the old rules from the ip NAT table
sudo iptables -F
sudo iptables -t nat -FIf you want to be able to ssh to your Pi after this, you'll need to add an exception for port 22 like this (not shown in the screenshot below)
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i wlan0 -p tcp --dport 22 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 22Type the following to route all DNS (UDP port 53) from interface wlan0 to internal port 53 (DNSPort in our torrc)
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i wlan0 -p udp --dport 53 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 53Type the following to route all TCP traffic from interface wlan0 to port 9040 (TransPort in our torrc)
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i wlan0 -p tcp --syn -j REDIRECT --to-ports 9040Next you can check that the ip tables are right with
sudo iptables -t nat -L
If all is good, we'll save it to our old NAT save file
sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
It will automatically get loaded when the networking is set up on reboot (as we did in the last tutorial on making a Pi access point)
Next we'll create our log file (handy for debugging) with
It will automatically get loaded when the networking is set up on reboot (as we did in the last tutorial on making a Pi access point)
Next we'll create our log file (handy for debugging) with
sudo touch /var/log/tor/notices.log
sudo chown debian-tor /var/log/tor/notices.log
sudo chmod 644 /var/log/tor/notices.log
Check it with
sudo chown debian-tor /var/log/tor/notices.log
sudo chmod 644 /var/log/tor/notices.log
Check it with
ls -l /var/log/tor
Start the tor service manually
Start the tor service manually
sudo service tor start
Check its really running (you can run this whenever you're not sure, it something is wrong you'll see a big FAIL notice
Check its really running (you can run this whenever you're not sure, it something is wrong you'll see a big FAIL notice
sudo service tor status
Finally, make it start on boot
Finally, make it start on boot
sudo update-rc.d tor enable
That's it, now you're ready to test in the next step.
That's it, now you're ready to test in the next step.
Test it!
OK now the fun part! It's time to test your TOR anonymizing proxy. On a computer, check out the available wifi networks, you should see the Onion Pi network
Connect to it using the password you entered into the hostapd configuration file
You can open up a Terminal or command prompt and ping 192.168.42.1 to check that your connection to the Pi is working. However you won't be able to ping outside of it because ping's are not translated through the proxy
To check that the proxy is working, visit a website like http://www.ipchicken.com which will display your IP address as it sees it and also the matching domain name if available. The IP address should not be from your internet provider - in fact, if you reload the page it should change!
Your web browsing traffic is now anonymized!
Connect to it using the password you entered into the hostapd configuration file
You can open up a Terminal or command prompt and ping 192.168.42.1 to check that your connection to the Pi is working. However you won't be able to ping outside of it because ping's are not translated through the proxy
To check that the proxy is working, visit a website like http://www.ipchicken.com which will display your IP address as it sees it and also the matching domain name if available. The IP address should not be from your internet provider - in fact, if you reload the page it should change!
Your web browsing traffic is now anonymized!
A big thanks to breadk and adafruit.com for helping me with this tutorial.
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